# 备份原文件sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak# 编辑源列表文件sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list# 将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容（清华大学镜像源）# start# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse# 预发布软件源，不建议启用# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# end# 更新源sudo apt-get update# 备份原文件sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak# 编辑源列表文件sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list# 将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容（清华大学镜像源） # start# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse# end# 更新源sudo apt-get update

apt-get使用于deb包管理式的操作系统，主要用于自动从互联网的软件仓库照中搜索、安装、升级、卸载软件或操作系统，需要root权限

sudo apt-get update 更新源sudo apt-get install package 安装包sudo apt-get remove package 删除包sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包sudo apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖